What Happens During a Sexual Assault Medical Exam? A Brief Explanation.
After a sexual assault, many individuals are unsure whether they should seek medical care or what the medical examination process involves. Understanding what happens during a sexual assault medical exam can help reduce some of the uncertainty and fear surrounding this experience.
These exams are performed by specially trained professionals, often called Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs), Sexual Assault Forensic Examiners (SAFEs), or Forensic Nurse Examiners (FNEs) who are trained to provide both medical care and forensic documentation.
The Purpose of the Exam
The primary goal of a sexual assault medical exam is to ensure the patient’s health and safety. The exam may also include the collection of forensic evidence if the patient chooses to have it done.
Patients are always in control of the process and can decide which parts of the exam they are comfortable completing.
What the Exam May Include
A sexual assault medical exam may involve several steps, depending on the patient’s needs and preferences.
These may include:
• discussing the patient’s medical history and what occurred
• a physical examination to assess for injuries
• treatment for potential infections or injuries
• collection of forensic evidence if the patient consents
• referrals for follow-up care and support services
Patients can pause or stop the exam at any time.
Do Patients Have to Report to Law Enforcement?
One common concern is whether receiving a medical exam automatically requires a police report. In Washington state, adult patients can receive medical care and evidence collection without immediately deciding to involve law enforcement.
This allows patients time to focus on their health and safety while considering their options.
A Trauma-Informed Approach
Forensic nurses are trained to provide trauma-informed care, which means recognizing how trauma affects individuals and ensuring patients feel respected, supported, and in control throughout the process.
Every effort is made to prioritize patient comfort, privacy, and choice.
Final Thoughts
Seeking medical care after a sexual assault can feel overwhelming, but these exams are designed to support patients’ health, safety, and autonomy. Forensic nurses are specially trained to provide compassionate care while ensuring injuries and evidence are documented appropriately if the patient chooses.
About FERNS
FERNS provides specialized forensic nursing services focused on compassionate, trauma-informed care and accurate medical documentation of violence-related injuries. Our nurses work alongside hospitals, law enforcement, and community partners to support patients and ensure high-quality forensic medical evaluations. Through ongoing education and public outreach, FERNS also aims to increase awareness of forensic healthcare and the important role it plays in supporting patients and communities affected by violence.
Sources
International Association of Forensic Nurses. Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Program Information.https://www.forensicnurses.org/page/WhatisFN/
U.S. Department of Justice. National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations.https://www.justice.gov/ovw/media/1367191/dl?inline
RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network). Medical Care After Sexual Assault.https://rainn.org/2240/getting-a-sexual-assault-forensic-exam-safe/